|
The Haximu Massacre ((:mɐˈsakɾi ðw aɕiˈmu)), also known as the Yanomami Massacre, was an armed conflict in Brazil in 1993. The conflict occurred just outside of Haximu, Brazil, near the Venezuela border, beginning in mid-June〔Ferguson, R. Brian, ''Yanomami Warfare'' (USA: School of American Research, 1995), 375.〕 or July〔Tierney, Patrick, Darkness in El Dorado (New York: W.W Norton & Company, 2000), 195.〕 of 1993. Approximately 16〔 Yanomami people were killed by a group of garimpeiros (gold miners who were mining the land illegally). In the first attack, the garimpeiros killed four or five young men of the Yanomami Haximu-teri. In response, the natives made two raids against the miners, killing at least two of them and wounding two more.〔 Following this raid, the ''garimpeiros'' attacked again, killing about 12 Yanomami (almost all of them were elderly, youths or infants)〔 and burned down the Haximu village.〔 ==Background== This massacre was the result of tensions surrounding the 1987 gold rush in Brazil, with conflict between Brazilian miners and the Yanomami people. The Yanomami tribe remained isolated until sometime in the 1960s when anthropologists found and studied the people. Between 1973 and 1976 the Brazilians built the Perimetral Norte through the southern area of the natives’ territory.〔Victor Engelbert, “A Once Hidden People: The Yanomami of Brazil’s Amazon”, ''World and I'', May 2004, 186.〕 This road initiated the arrival of gold miners, which includes those that came during a gold rush beginning in 1987. Scholars studying the history of the gold rushes in Haximu noticed a recurring pattern of activities between the miners and the Yanomami, which Bruce Albert referred to as the "gold mining trap."〔 When the first few ''garimpeiros'' arrived, they provided the Yanomami with charitable gifts. Once the number of miners increased, the balance of power was altered, and they began to consider the Yanomami nuisances. Tensions arose when the Yanomami wanted more Western goods, such as medicine, clothes and food, which they had come to rely on after the miners arrived. As a result, violence often arose between the groups.〔 Such a pattern may have been the reason why the miners attacked the Yanomami. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haximu massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|